Unlike Python or JavaScript, C++ doesn’t provide a built-in split() method for strings. You’ll need to use library functions or write your own utility. The best approach depends on your compiler version, performance requirements, and whether you’re handling edge cases. The Classic Approach: find() and substr() The most straightforward method uses std::string::find() to locate delimiters…
When you use the first page as a title or cover page, you typically want page numbering to start from the second page as “1”. Word makes this straightforward using the header/footer tools. Enable Different First Page Formatting The first step is to tell Word to handle the first page differently from the rest of…
Counting words in a file is a straightforward task in PHP, but the approach varies depending on file size and memory constraints. Here are the most practical methods. Simple Approach with str_word_count() For small to medium files, load the entire file and use str_word_count(): $content = file_get_contents(‘myfile.txt’); $wordCount = str_word_count($content); echo “Total words: $wordCount\n”; This…
The simplest way to convert a string to lowercase is using the lower() method: >>> “Hello World”.lower() ‘hello world’ >>> “ABC”.lower() ‘abc’ >>> “abc”.lower() ‘abc’ The lower() method returns a new string with all uppercase characters converted to lowercase. The original string remains unchanged — strings are immutable in Python. Basic Usage text = “Python…
When truncating strings, you often need to avoid cutting off in the middle of a word. The naive substr() approach will break words, so you need logic to backtrack to the previous word boundary. The problem Given a string like “ab cc dde ffg ff”, if you want a substring of maximum 7 characters starting…
Bash associative arrays store key-value pairs, and you’ll often need to iterate over or collect just the keys. There are multiple approaches, each with different use cases. Setting up an example Start with a simple associative array: declare -A aa aa[“foo”]=bar aa[“a b”]=c aa[“test”]=value Note that keys can contain spaces — this matters for how…
Processing files line by line is a common task in Go. Here are the practical approaches, from simplest to most flexible. Using bufio.Scanner The most straightforward method uses bufio.Scanner, which handles line splitting automatically: package main import ( “bufio” “fmt” “log” “os” ) func main() { file, err := os.Open(“input.txt”) if err != nil {…
When accepting path input in Bash scripts, users might provide /path/to/dir/ or /path/to/dir. Normalizing these to a consistent format without the trailing slash is a common requirement. The Problem You need a reliable method that: Removes trailing slashes if present Works with both files and directories Handles paths that already lack a trailing slash Works…
Line wrapping in Vim controls whether long lines display across multiple visual lines or extend beyond the window edge. This is purely visual—wrapping doesn’t modify your file. Understanding when to enable, disable, and configure wrapping is essential for different workflows. Enable and Disable Wrapping Enable soft wrapping to see long lines across multiple rows: :set…
Several tools can convert .doc and .docx files to PDF from the command line. Here’s what works in practice. LibreOffice (most common approach) The standard command is: libreoffice –headless –convert-to pdf –outdir /path/to/output/ /path/to/file.docx This works well on systems with X11 available. However, on truly headless servers, –headless doesn’t fully suppress X11 requirements—LibreOffice will still…
WordPress Twenty Thirteen theme shows full post content on archive pages by default. Using excerpts instead keeps archive pages clean and improves page load speed by showing just a summary of each post. Enable Excerpts on Archive Pages Add this to your theme’s functions.php or a custom plugin: function twentythirteen_excerpts_on_archives($content) { if (is_archive() || is_home())…
[md] The maximum array length in OCaml is platform-dependent and can be queried at runtime using Sys.max_array_length: # Sys.max_array_length;; – : int = 4611686018427387903 ## Values by Platform **64-bit systems:** # Sys.max_array_length;; – : int = 4611686018427387903 **32-bit systems:** # Sys.max_array_length;; – : int = 1073741823 Note that 32-bit OCaml support has been deprecated in…
Vim’s regex engine is powerful but requires understanding its syntax rules, which differ significantly from standard POSIX extended regex. Whether you’re doing basic substitutions or complex text transformations, knowing how Vim handles regex patterns will save you hours of frustration. Vim Regex Basics Vim supports multiple regex engines, controlled by the magic setting. By default,…
Converting Word documents to PDF is a fundamental task in most workflows. Modern versions of Office have native PDF export built in, but understanding your options and potential gotchas will save you time. Native PDF Export (Modern Office) If you’re using Office 2010 or later, PDF export is built into the application—no add-ons required. Open…
OCaml’s int type size depends on your platform’s architecture. On 64-bit systems, int is 63 bits; on 32-bit systems, it’s 31 bits. This catches many people off guard when they test bitwise operations. Here’s why: OCaml uses one bit as a tag to distinguish integers from pointers at runtime (the least significant bit). So on…
This post addresses a fair question: with Stack Overflow, Reddit, and countless other Q&A platforms already established, why create a dedicated Q&A space? There are three practical reasons. Short-form technical tips Some knowledge doesn’t warrant a full blog post. A 2000-word article dilutes what should be a focused tip. Q&A format works better for these…
HTML entities represent characters that either have special meaning in HTML or benefit from explicit encoding. You have three syntax options: Named entity: &name; (e.g., ©) Decimal numeric: &#number; (e.g., ©) Hexadecimal numeric: &#xhexcode; (e.g., ©) With UTF-8 encoding (the only sensible choice in 2026), most special characters can be typed directly. However, certain characters…
WordPress generates excerpts by default using the first 55 words of post content. You can override this globally or per-post type by adding filters to your theme or a must-use plugin. Basic excerpt length filter Add this to wp-content/themes/your-theme/functions.php: function custom_excerpt_length( $length ) { return 35; } add_filter( ‘excerpt_length’, ‘custom_excerpt_length’ ); Replace 35 with your…
SELinux provides mandatory access controls that catch security violations most firewall and file permission rules miss. Before disabling it, exhaust other options — SELinux warnings often reveal real security problems worth understanding. That said, there are legitimate reasons to adjust SELinux: testing application behavior without policy violations, troubleshooting misbehaving software, or running systems where the…
Split the current window horizontally: Ctrl-W Ctrl-S Switch between windows: Ctrl-W Ctrl-W ” toggle to next window Ctrl-W j ” move to window below Ctrl-W k ” move to window above Ctrl-W h ” move to window left Ctrl-W l ” move to window right Rotate window positions: Ctrl-W Ctrl-R ” rotate clockwise Ctrl-W Ctrl-X…