Private key sharding is a technique used to distribute a private key into multiple parts, or “shards,” to enhance security and fault tolerance. This method is particularly useful in scenarios where a single point of failure must be avoided, such as in secure communications, cryptocurrency wallets, and distributed systems. What is Private Key Sharding? Private
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Tag: systems
What is BTC SegWit and Its Impact on Transaction Fees
Posted onSegregated Witness (SegWit) is a protocol upgrade for Bitcoin that enhances its scalability and transaction efficiency. Introduced in 2017, SegWit addresses several limitations of the original Bitcoin protocol, including transaction malleability and block size constraints. Understanding SegWit What is SegWit? SegWit stands for “Segregated Witness,” referring to the separation of signature data from transaction data.
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Linear Consistency Model for Computer Systems
Posted onLinear consistency models are crucial in ensuring reliability and coherence in distributed computer systems. These models help manage how systems handle data and operations across multiple nodes, ensuring consistency without sacrificing performance. What is a Linear Consistency Model? In distributed computing, a linear consistency model ensures that operations on distributed data appear as if they
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Comparing Paxos and Raft
Posted onPaxos and Raft are both consensus algorithms used to ensure consistency in distributed systems. While they solve similar problems, they have different approaches and design philosophies. Characteristics Paxos Roles: Proposers, Acceptors, Learners. Phases: Two main phases (Prepare/Promise and Propose/Accept). Leader Election: Not explicitly defined, often implemented using Multi-Paxos to handle multiple proposals efficiently. Use Cases:
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Understanding the Paxos Consensus Algorithm
Posted onThe Paxos consensus algorithm is a fundamental concept in distributed computing that ensures a group of distributed systems can agree on a single value, even in the presence of failures. Developed by Leslie Lamport, Paxos is widely used in systems where consistency and fault tolerance are critical, such as databases and distributed ledgers. Consensus Problem
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Extracting EC Public Keys with OpenSSL
Posted onIn the realm of cryptography, handling and managing keys is a crucial task. The command provided is a series of operations using OpenSSL and other command-line utilities to extract and format an elliptic curve (EC) public key. Let’s break down the command to understand its purpose and functionality. The Command Extracting EC Public Keys with
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Multisig 101
Posted onMultisig, short for “multisignature,” is a cryptographic mechanism that requires multiple signatures to authorize and execute a transaction. What is Multisig Multisig ensures that multiple parties must collaborate and approve a transaction before it can be deemed valid. It provides an additional layer of security requiring multiple parties’ signatures to spend or transfer the crypto
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Sybil Attack 101
Posted onDistributed systems, such as peer-to-peer networks, , and other decentralized platforms, have become increasingly popular due to their potential to offer more robust, scalable, and secure solutions. However, these systems face unique challenges and vulnerabilities, one of which is the Sybil attack. Named after the psychiatric case study “Sybil,” in which a person exhibits multiple
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Byzantine Faults 101
Posted onDistributed systems are becoming increasingly important in various applications, such as cloud computing, , and peer-to-peer networks. One of the challenges in designing robust distributed systems is dealing with Byzantine faults, a type of fault that can be particularly difficult to detect and handle. Byzantine faults, named after the Byzantine Generals’ Problem, involve components of
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Consensus Algorithm 101
Posted onConsensus algorithms play a crucial role in the functioning of decentralized networks, such as blockchain-based systems. They help maintain the integrity, security, and reliability of these networks by ensuring that all participants agree on the state of the system. In this post, we will explore the concept of consensus algorithms, their importance, and some of
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Double-Spending 101
Posted onDouble-spending is a critical issue that any digital currency must address to ensure its viability and security. In this post, we’ll explore the concept of double-spending, the problems it poses, and how blockchain technology overcomes these challenges. What is Double-Spending? Double-spending occurs when a user spends the same digital currency unit more than once. In
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Decentralization 101
Posted onDecentralization is a concept about control and management. It refers to that the control and decision-making in a distributed network are transferred away from a centralized entity (individual, organization, or group thereof). The resources in a decentralized network are owned and shared by network members. This concept is particularly significant in the world of blockchain
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Bitcoin 101
Posted onBitcoin is the world’s first cryptocurrency on the Bitcoin blockchain network. BTC has gained significant popularity since its inception in 2009. It functions as a decentralized, peer-to-peer electronic cash system, allowing users to make transactions without the need for a central authority. Bitcoin History Bitcoin’s story begins with the release of a whitepaper by an
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Why std::vector is the Optimal Choice for Data Structures for Performance in C++
Posted onIn C++ programming, data structures are essential for organizing and manipulating data. When it comes to storing and manipulating data, one data structure stands out above the rest – the std::vector. Efficient Memory Allocation One of the primary benefits of std::vector is its efficient memory allocation. std::vector uses contiguous memory allocation, which means that the
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Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) vs. Centralized Exchanges (CEX): A Technical Comparison
Posted onCryptocurrency exchanges have revolutionized the way we trade digital assets, with two main types of exchanges dominating the market: decentralized exchanges (DEX) and centralized exchanges (CEX). In this article, we’ll compare the DEX and CEX from a technical perspective. Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) DEX operate on a decentralized blockchain network, such as Ethereum, and are built
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The Impact of Blockchain and Crypto Technologies on Global Financial Markets
Posted onWelcome to the groundbreaking world of cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies! These cutting-edge technologies are shaking up the global financial environment and paving the path for a more transparent and decentralized future. Consider blockchain technology to be a digital counterpart of a ledger book. It is a secure and immutable digital ledger that records all transactions
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Release Notes For Linux v2.0
Posted onThis is the release notes for linux release v2.0 (source code: linux-2.0.tar.gz) with format adjusted by removing/replacing tabs/spaces/new lines/formatting marks. This notes document can give us an understanding of the early development of the Linux kernel. The original ASCII formatted version is at the end of this post. Intro This document contains a list of
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Release Notes For Linux v0.95a
Posted onThis is the release notes for linux release v0.95a (source code: linux-0.95a.tar.gz) with format adjusted by removing/replacing tabs/spaces/new lines. This notes document can give us an understanding of the early development of the Linux kernel. The the formatted version of the referenced RELNOTES-0.95 can be found at Release Notes For Linux v0.95. The original ASCII
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Release Notes For Linux v0.01
Posted onThis is the notes for linux kernel release 0.01 (source code: linux-0.01.tar.gz) with format adjusted by removing/replacing tabs/spaces/new lines. This notes document can give us an understanding of whether the Linux kernel started with its very first release. The original ASCII formatted version is at the end of this post. Notes for linux release 0.01
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Generating RSA Private and Public Key Pair in Go Lang?
Posted onHow to generate a pair of RSA private and public key in Go lang? Go lang has a rich set of standard libraries. Using Go’s standard libraries, we can generate RSA private and Public keys. The Crypto standard libraries in Go lang Go lang standard libraries has a rich set of cryptography functions. Here are
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