std::mutex::lock (3) - Linux Manuals

std::mutex::lock: std::mutex::lock

NAME

std::mutex::lock - std::mutex::lock

Synopsis

void lock(); (since C++11)

Locks the mutex. If another thread has already locked the mutex, a call to lock will block execution until the lock is acquired.
If lock is called by a thread that already owns the mutex, the behavior is undefined: for example, the program may deadlock. An implementation that can detect the invalid usage is encouraged to throw a std::system_error with error condition resource_deadlock_would_occur instead of deadlocking.
Prior unlock() operations on the same mutex synchronize-with (as defined in std::memory_order) this operation.

Parameters

(none)

Return value

(none)

Exceptions

Throws std::system_error when errors occur, including errors from the underlying operating system that would prevent lock from meeting its specifications. The mutex is not locked in the case of any exception being thrown.

Notes

lock() is usually not called directly: std::unique_lock and std::lock_guard are used to manage exclusive locking.

Example

This example shows how lock and unlock can be used to protect shared data.
// Run this code

  #include <iostream>
  #include <chrono>
  #include <thread>
  #include <mutex>

  int g_num = 0; // protected by g_num_mutex
  std::mutex g_num_mutex;

  void slow_increment(int id)
  {
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
          g_num_mutex.lock();
          ++g_num;
          std::cout << id << " => " << g_num << '\n';
          g_num_mutex.unlock();

          std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
      }
  }

  int main()
  {
      std::thread t1(slow_increment, 0);
      std::thread t2(slow_increment, 1);
      t1.join();
      t2.join();
  }

Possible output:

  0 => 1
  1 => 2
  0 => 3
  1 => 4
  0 => 5
  1 => 6