std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator+= (3) - Linux Manuals

std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator+=: std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator+=

NAME

std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator+= - std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::operator+=

Synopsis

basic_string& operator+=( const basic_string& str ); (1)
basic_string& operator+=( CharT ch ); (2)
basic_string& operator+=( const CharT* s ); (3)
basic_string& operator+=( std::initializer_list<CharT> ilist ); (4) (since C++11)
template < class T > (5) (since C++17)
basic_string& operator+=( const T& t );

Appends additional characters to the string.
1) Appends string str
2) Appends character ch
3) Appends the null-terminated character string pointed to by s.
4) Appends characters in the initializer list ilist.
5) Implicitly converts t to a string view sv as if by std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> sv = t;, then appends characters in the string view sv as if by append(sv). This overload only participates in overload resolution if std::is_convertible_v<const T&, std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>> is true and std::is_convertible_v<const T&, const CharT*> is false.

Parameters

str - string to append
ch - character value to append
s - pointer to a null-terminated character string to append
ilist - std::initializer_list with the characters to append
t - object (convertible to std::basic_string_view) with the characters to append

Return value

*this

Complexity

1) linear in size of str
2) constant
3) linear in size of s
4) linear in size of ilist

Exceptions

If an exception is thrown for any reason, this function has no effect (strong exception guarantee).
(since C++11)
If the operation would result in size() > max_size(), throws std::length_error.

Notes

Overload (2) can accept any types that are implicitly convertible to CharT. For std::string, where CharT is char, the set of acceptable types includes all arithmetic types. This may have unintended effects.

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG_2946 C++17 string_view overload causes ambiguity in some cases avoided by making it a template

Example

// Run this code

  #include <iostream>
  #include <iomanip>
  #include <string>

  int main()
  {
     std::string str;
     str.reserve(50); //reserves sufficient storage space to avoid memory reallocation
     std::cout << std::quoted(str) << '\n'; //empty string

     str += "This";
     std::cout << std::quoted(str) << '\n';

     str += std::string(" is ");
     std::cout << std::quoted(str) << '\n';

     str += 'a';
     std::cout << std::quoted(str) << '\n';

     str += {' ','s','t','r','i','n','g','.'};
     std::cout << std::quoted(str) << '\n';

     str += 76.85; // equivalent to str += static_cast<char>(76.85), might not be the intent
     std::cout << std::quoted(str) << '\n';
  }

Output:

  ""
  "This"
  "This is "
  "This is a"
  "This is a string."
  "This is a string.L"