XkbBell (3) - Linux Manuals

XkbBell: Rings the bell on the default keyboard

Command to display XkbBell manual in Linux: $ man 3 XkbBell

NAME

XkbBell - Rings the bell on the default keyboard

SYNOPSIS

Bool XkbBell (Display *display, Window window, int percent, Atom name);

ARGUMENTS

- display: connection to the X server
- window: event window, or None
- percent: relative volume, which can range from -100 to 100 inclusive
- name: a bell name, or NULL

DESCRIPTION

The core X protocol allows only applications to explicitly sound the system bell with a given duration, pitch, and volume. Xkb extends this capability by allowing clients to attach symbolic names to bells, disable audible bells, and receive an event whenever the keyboard bell is rung. For the purposes of this document, the audible bell is defined to be the system bell, or the default keyboard bell, as opposed to any other audible sound generated elsewhere in the system. You can ask to receive XkbBellNotify events when any client rings any one of the following:

•: The default bell
•: Any bell on an input device that can be specified by a bell_class and bell_id pair
•: Any bell specified only by an arbitrary name. (This is, from the server's point of view, merely a name, and not connected with any physical sound-generating device. Some client application must generate the sound, or visual feedback, if any, that is associated with the name.)

You can also ask to receive XkbBellNotify events when the server rings the default bell or if any client has requested events only (without the bell sounding) for any of the bell types previously listed.

You can disable audible bells on a global basis. For example, a client that replaces the keyboard bell with some other audible cue might want to turn off the AudibleBell control to prevent the server from also generating a sound and avoid cacophony. If you disable audible bells and request to receive XkbBellNotify events, you can generate feedback different from the default bell.

You can, however, override the AudibleBell control by calling one of the functions that force the ringing of a bell in spite of the setting of the AudibleBell control - XkbForceDeviceBell or XkbForceBell. In this case the server does not generate a bell event.

Just as some keyboards can produce keyclicks to indicate when a key is pressed or repeating, Xkb can provide feedback for the controls by using special beep codes. The AccessXFeedback control is used to configure the specific types of operations that generate feedback.

Bell Names

You can associate a name to an act of ringing a bell by converting the name to an Atom and then using this name when you call the functions listed in this chapter. If an event is generated as a result, the name is then passed to all other clients interested in receiving XkbBellNotify events. Note that these are arbitrary names and that there is no binding to any sounds. Any sounds or other effects (such as visual bells on the screen) must be generated by a client application upon receipt of the bell event containing the name. There is no default name for the default keyboard bell. The server does generate some predefined bells for the AccessX controls. These named bells are shown in Table 1 below; the name is included in any bell event sent to clients that have requested to receive XkbBellNotify events.

Table 1 Predefined Bells

Action	Named Bell

Indicator turned on	AX_IndicatorOn
Indicator turned off	AX_IndicatorOff
More than one indicator changed state	AX_IndicatorChange
Control turned on	AX_FeatureOn
Control turned off	AX_FeatureOff
More than one control changed state	AX_FeatureChange
SlowKeys and BounceKeys about to be turned on or off	AX_SlowKeysWarning
SlowKeys key pressed	AX_SlowKeyPress
SlowKeys key accepted	AX_SlowKeyAccept
SlowKeys key rejected	AX_SlowKeyReject
Accepted SlowKeys key released	AX_SlowKeyRelease
BounceKeys key rejected	AX_BounceKeyReject
StickyKeys key latched	AX_StickyLatch
StickyKeys key locked	AX_StickyLock
StickyKeys key unlocked	AX_StickyUnlock

Audible Bells

Using Xkb you can generate bell events that do not necessarily ring the system bell. This is useful if you need to use an audio server instead of the system beep. For example, when an audio client starts, it could disable the audible bell (the system bell) and then listen for XkbBellNotify events. When it receives a XkbBellNotify event, the audio client could then send a request to an audio server to play a sound.

You can control the audible bells feature by passing the XkbAudibleBellMask to XkbChangeEnabledControls. If you set XkbAudibleBellMask on, the server rings the system bell when a bell event occurs. This is the default. If you set XkbAudibleBellMask off and a bell event occurs, the server does not ring the system bell unless you call XkbForceDeviceBell or XkbForceBell.

Audible bells are also part of the per-client auto-reset controls.

Bell Functions

Use the functions described in this section to ring bells and to generate bell events.

The input extension has two types of feedbacks that can generate bells - bell feedback and keyboard feedback. Some of the functions in this section have bell_class and bell_id parameters; set them as follows: Set bell_class to BellFeedbackClass or KbdFeedbackClass. A device can have more than one feedback of each type; set bell_id to the particular bell feedback of bell_class type.

Table 2 shows the conditions that cause a bell to sound or an XkbBellNotifyEvent to be generated when a bell function is called.

Table 2 Bell Sounding and Bell Event Generating

Function called	AudibleBell	Server sounds a bell	Server sends an
XkbBellNotifyEvent

XkbDeviceBell	On	Yes	Yes
XkbDeviceBell	Off	No	Yes
XkbBell	On	Yes	Yes
XkbBell	Off	No	Yes
XkbDeviceBellEvent	On or Off	No	Yes
XkbBellEvent	On or Off	No	Yes
XkbDeviceForceBell	On or Off	Yes	No
XkbForceBell	On or Off	Yes	No

If a compatible keyboard extension isn't present in the X server, XkbBell calls XBell with the specified display and percent, and returns False. Otherwise, XkbBell calls XkbDeviceBell with the specified display, window, percent, and name, a device_spec of XkbUseCoreKbd, a bell_class of XkbDfltXIClass, and a bell_id of XkbDfltXIId, and returns True.
If you have disabled the audible bell, the server does not ring the system bell, although it does generate a XkbBellNotify event.
You can call XkbBell without first initializing the keyboard extension.

RETURN VALUES

FALSE: The XkbBell function returns FALSE if XlibDisplayNoXkb is set.

STRUCTURES

Xkb generates XkbBellNotify events for all bells except for those resulting from calls to XkbForceDeviceBell and XkbForceBell. To receive XkbBellNotify events under all possible conditions, pass XkbBellNotifyMask in both the bits_to_change and values_for_bits parameters to XkbSelectEvents.

The XkbBellNotify event has no event details. It is either selected or it is not. However, you can call XkbSelectEventDetails using XkbBellNotify as the event_type and specifying XkbAllBellEventsMask in bits_to_change and values_for_bits. This has the same effect as a call to XkbSelectEvents.

The structure for the XkbBellNotify event type contains:

   typedef struct _XkbBellNotify {
       int            type;        /* Xkb extension base event code */
       unsigned long  serial;      /* X server serial number for event */
       Bool           send_event;  /* True => synthetically generated */
       Display *      display;     /* server connection where event generated */
       Time           time;        /* server time when event generated */
       int            xkb_type;    /* XkbBellNotify */
       unsigned int   device;      /* Xkb device ID, will not be XkbUseCoreKbd 
*/
       int            percent;     /* requested volume as % of max */
       int            pitch;       /* requested pitch in Hz */
       int            duration;    /* requested duration in microseconds */
       unsigned int   bell_class;  /* X input extension feedback class */
       unsigned int   bell_id;     /* X input extension feedback ID */
       Atom           name;        /* "name" of requested bell */
       Window         window;      /* window associated with event */
       Bool           event_only;  /* False -> the server did not produce a beep 
*/
   } XkbBellNotifyEvent;

If your application needs to generate visual bell feedback on the screen when it receives a bell event, use the window ID in the XkbBellNotifyEvent, if present.