SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH (3) - Linux Manuals

Similarly, sd_journal_previous() sets the read pointer back one entry.

sd_journal_next_skip() and sd_journal_previous_skip() advance/set back the read pointer by multiple entries at once, as specified in the skip parameter.

The journal is strictly ordered by reception time, and hence advancing to the next entry guarantees that the entry then pointing to is later in time than then previous one, or has the same timestamp.

Note that sd_journal_get_data(3) and related calls will fail unless sd_journal_next() has been invoked at least once in order to position the read pointer on a journal entry.

Note that the SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH() macro may be used as a wrapper around sd_journal_seek_head(3) and sd_journal_next() in order to make iterating through the journal easier. See below for an example. Similarly, SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_BACKWARDS() may be used for iterating the journal in reverse order.

RETURN VALUE

The four calls return the number of entries advanced/set back on success or a negative errno-style error code. When the end or beginning of the journal is reached, a number smaller than requested is returned. More specifically, if sd_journal_next() or sd_journal_previous() reach the end/beginning of the journal they will return 0, instead of 1 when they are successful. This should be considered an EOF marker.

NOTES

The sd_journal_next(), sd_journal_previous(), sd_journal_next_skip() and sd_journal_previous_skip() interfaces are available as a shared library, which can be compiled and linked to with the libsystemd pkg-config(1) file.

EXAMPLES

Iterating through the journal:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <systemd/sd-journal.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  int r;
  sd_journal *j;
  r = sd_journal_open(&j, SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY);
  if (r < 0) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open journal: %s\n", strerror(-r));
    return 1;
  }
  SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH(j) {
    const char *d;
    size_t l;

    r = sd_journal_get_data(j, "MESSAGE", (const void **)&d, &l);
    if (r < 0) {
      fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read message field: %s\n", strerror(-r));
      continue;
    }

    printf("%.*s\n", (int) l, d);
  }
  sd_journal_close(j);
  return 0;
}